Sodium Benzoate
Benzoate is active as the undissociated acid, so its effectiveness collapses above pH 4.5.
Key Specifications
| CAS number | 532-32-1 |
|---|---|
| E number | E211 |
| Assay | 99-100.5 percent |
| Effective pH | Below 4.5 |
| Dosage | 0.02-0.1 percent |
| Mesh | 30 / 60 |
Only works in acid, which is the key constraint
Benzoate is active as the undissociated acid, so its effectiveness collapses above pH 4.5. At pH 3 it protects a soft drink at 0.02 percent; at pH 6 the same dose does almost nothing.
Taste threshold and blending
Above about 0.05 percent a slight burning note appears in beverages. Blending with potassium sorbate allows a lower total dose and covers a wider spoilage spectrum.
Typical Applications
- Carbonated soft drinks — 0.02-0.05 percent at pH below 4.0.
- Sauces and pickles — 0.05-0.1 percent combined with sorbate for broad protection.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why does it stop working in neutral products?
Only the undissociated acid is active. Above pH 4.5 almost none remains undissociated.
Does it react with vitamin C?
Under some conditions benzene can form. Avoid combining benzoate with ascorbic acid in beverages.
What is the legal limit?
Typically 150-200 mg/kg in beverages depending on the market; check the local standard.
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